Kev siv cov caustic soda muaj ntau yam kev siv.

Caustic soda muaj peev xwm muab faib ua flake soda, granular soda thiab solid soda raws li nws cov duab. Kev siv caustic soda muaj ntau qhov chaw, cov hauv qab no yog kev qhia ntxaws rau koj:

1. Roj av uas tau ua kom huv si.

Tom qab ntxuav nrog sulfuric acid, cov khoom siv roj av tseem muaj qee cov tshuaj acidic, uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog sodium hydroxide kua thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais cov khoom ua kom zoo.

2. luam tawm thiab zas xim

Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov xim indigo thiab cov xim quinone. Hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing ntawm vat dyes, caustic soda kua thiab sodium hydrosulfite yuav tsum tau siv los txo lawv mus rau leuco acid, thiab tom qab ntawd oxidized mus rau lub xeev insoluble thawj nrog oxidants tom qab dyeing.

Tom qab cov ntaub paj rwb kho nrog cov kua caustic soda, cov quav ciab, roj, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab lwm yam khoom uas npog rau ntawm cov ntaub paj rwb tuaj yeem tshem tawm, thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov luster mercerized ntawm cov ntaub tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom ua rau cov xim sib xws ntau dua.

3. Cov ntaub fiber

1). Cov ntaub

Cov ntaub paj rwb thiab ntaub linen raug kho nrog cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) concentrated los txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov fiber. Cov fibers ua los ntawm tib neeg xws li rayon, rayon, rayon, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog cov fibers viscose. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cellulose (xws li pulp), sodium hydroxide, thiab carbon disulfide (CS2) ua cov khoom siv raw los ua cov kua viscose, uas yog txau, ua los ntawm condensation.

2). Cov fiber ntau viscose

Ua ntej, siv 18-20% caustic soda kua los impregnate cov cellulose kom ua alkali cellulose, tom qab ntawd ziab thiab zom cov alkali cellulose, ntxiv carbon disulfide, thiab thaum kawg yaj cov sulfonate nrog dilute lye kom tau txais viscose. Tom qab lim thiab nqus tsev (tshem tawm cov pa npuas), nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev tig.

4. Ua ntawv

Cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua ntawv yog ntoo lossis cov nroj tsuag nyom, uas muaj ntau cov non-cellulose (lignin, gum, thiab lwm yam) ntxiv rau cellulose. Sodium hydroxide siv rau kev delignification, thiab tsuas yog thaum lignin hauv ntoo raug tshem tawm thiaj li tau txais cov fibers. Cov khoom tsis yog cellulose tuaj yeem yaj thiab sib cais los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua sodium hydroxide dilute, yog li cov pulp nrog cellulose ua cov khoom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tau txais.

5. Txhim kho cov av nrog cov txiv qaub ntsuab.

Hauv cov av, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov zaub mov kuj tseem yuav tsim cov kua qaub vim yog kev tsim cov organic acids thaum cov organic matter decomposes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov inorganic chiv xws li ammonium sulfate thiab ammonium chloride kuj tseem yuav ua rau cov av acidic. Kev siv cov txiv qaub kom raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub hauv av tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov av haum rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo thiab txhawb kev tsim cov kab mob me me. Kev nce ntawm Ca2 + hauv av tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov av colloids, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov aggregates, thiab tib lub sijhawm tuaj yeem muab cov calcium uas xav tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

6. Kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj reagents.

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, caustic soda siv los ua sodium hlau thiab electrolyzing dej. Caustic soda lossis soda tshauv siv rau hauv kev tsim ntau yam inorganic ntsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev npaj qee cov ntsev sodium (xws li borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium sulfite, thiab lwm yam). Caustic soda lossis soda tshauv kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov xim, tshuaj thiab cov organic intermediates.

7. roj hmab, tawv

1). Cov silica uas tau ua tiav lawm

Ua ntej: ua dej iav (Na2O.mSO2) los ntawm kev sib xyaw sodium hydroxide nrog quartz ore (SiO2)

Qhov thib ob: ua kom cov dej iav sib xyaw nrog sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, thiab carbon dioxide los tsim cov pa roj carbon dub dawb (silicon dioxide) uas tau poob rau hauv dej.

Cov silica uas tau hais ntawm no yog tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws rau cov roj hmab ntuj thiab cov roj hmab hluavtaws

2). Kev siv cov roj hmab qub dua tshiab

Hauv kev siv cov roj hmab qub dua, cov hmoov roj hmab raug kho ua ntej nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav

3). Tawv

Tannery: ib qho txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov kua tshauv pov tseg hauv tannery, ntawm ib sab tes, ntawm ob kauj ruam ntawm sodium sulfide aqueous kua soaking kev kho mob thiab ntxiv cov hmoov txiv qaub soaking kev kho mob hauv cov txheej txheem nthuav dav uas twb muaj lawm, kev siv qhov hnyav tare yog nce ntxiv los ntawm 0.3-0.5% Cov kauj ruam kho tshuaj sodium hydroxide 30% ua rau cov tawv fiber nthuav dav tag nrho, ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem xav tau, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav ib nrab.

8. metallurgy, electroplating

Hauv kev lag luam hlau, feem ntau yuav tsum hloov cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov hlau ua cov ntsev sodium uas yaj tau kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv uas tsis yaj tau. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau yuav tsum ntxiv cov tshauv soda (nws kuj yog cov kua dej), thiab qee zaum caustic soda kuj siv tau.

9. lwm yam ntawm lub luag haujlwm

1). Muaj ob txoj haujlwm ntawm cov caustic soda ceramic hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ceramics. Ua ntej, caustic soda yog siv los ua cov tshuaj diluent hauv cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics. Qhov thib ob, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics raug hlawv yuav raug khawb lossis ntxhib heev. Ntxuav nws nrog cov kua caustic soda Thaum kawg, ua kom qhov chaw ceramic du dua.

2). Hauv kev lag luam twj paj nruag, nws yog siv los ua acid neutralizer, decolorizer thiab deodorizer. Kev lag luam nplaum yog siv los ua starch gelatinizer thiab neutralizer. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev tev tawv, tus neeg sawv cev decolorizing thiab tus neeg sawv cev deodorizing ntawm citrus, peach, thiab lwm yam.